Association Between Cardiovascular Health and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease among US Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study From NHANES 2013-2023

Objective Women with a history of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) face elevated risks of health complications and mortality. This study examined the association between cardiovascular health (CVH) and PID among U.S. women. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2013-2023 (n=6,382). The LE8 scores were categorized into four groups based on quartiles: Q1 (<25), Q2 (25-49), Q3 (50-74) and Q4 ([≥]75). We calculated adjusted ORs (95% CIs) via logistic regression to evaluate LE8-PID associations. Results Compared to the highest LE8 quartile ([≥]75), adjusted ORs for PID were 1.66 (95%CI:1.03-2.67) for Q3, 1.71(1.10-2.67) for Q2, and 1.99(1.13-3.50) for Q1. The inverse association was consistent across health behavior and health factor components, with sleep, smoking, blood pressure, and BMI showing the strongest effects, particularly among younger women. Conclusions Higher LE8 scores are inversely associated with PID prevalence, particularly in younger women. Promoting cardiovascular health may help reduce PID burden.