Manual, Joystick, or Haptic Control? An In Vitro Comparison of Navigation Strategies for Robotic Interventional Neuroradiology Procedures

Objective: To evaluate robotic controller interfaces for interventional neuroradiology procedures in-vitro incorporating a force-sensing platform to assess safety. Methods: A custom endovascular robot, device-mimicking controller, and sensorized neurovascular phantom were developed. Ten intervention...