The implementation of a falls observational tool and its clinical effectiveness of reducing falls in a palliative care setting: a mixed methods study

Background Falls are a major safety concern in healthcare. In palliative care, patients are particularly vulnerable due to complex symptom burdens and rapid physical decline. However, standard falls risk assessment tools, primarily designed for acute clinical environments, rely on static risk scores and lack efficacy in hospice settings. The Falls Early Warning Score (FEWS) is a observational tool developed to address the specific contributing factors and complex needs of palliative patients. Aims To explore and understand staff views regarding the implementation, utility, and benefits of the FEWS tool to identify people at risk of falling in a specialist palliative care inpatient unit. Methods A mixed-methods study was conducted at a UK hospice. Healthcare professionals with clinical experience using the FEWS chart completed an electronic questionnaire assessing their confidence, practice, and perceived barriers. Questionnaire outcomes informed subsequent face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data were evaluated using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Eleven staff completed the questionnaire, and five participated in interviews. Three major themes were identified: (1) Education, highlighting staff preferences for 1:1 training and the necessity of dedicated user guides; (2) Location and format of the FEWS tool, contrasting the data collection benefits of electronic formats against the bedside accessibility of paper charts; and (3) Recognised benefits of the FEWS tool, including its ability to prompt safe staffing levels, highlight variable patient presentation, and mitigate the emotional and physical impact of falls. Conclusions It is feasible and highly acceptable to integrate bespoke falls risk assessment tools into palliative care. By addressing the unique complexities of hospice patients, customised tools like FEWS can empower staff and support dynamic clinical decision-making. Further research is required to evaluate their clinical efficacy in reducing falls.