AI News Archive: May 18, 2026 — Part 18
Sourced from 500+ daily AI sources, scored by relevance.
- Self-supervised local learning rules learn the hidden hierarchical structure of high-dimensional data
The brain learns abstract representations of high-dimensional sensory input, but the plasticity rules that enable such learning are unknown. We study biologically plausible algorithms on the Random Hierarchy Model (RHM), an artificial dataset designed to investigate how deep neural networks learn th...
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- Protein Fold Classification at Scale: Benchmarking and Pretraining
Classifying protein topology is essential for deciphering biological function, but progress is held back by the lack of large-scale benchmarks that avoid duplicates and by models that do not scale well. We introduce TEDBench, a large-scale, non-redundant benchmark for protein fold classification con...
- SURGE: Approximation-free Training Free Particle Filter for Diffusion Surrogate
Diffusion-based generative models increasingly rely on inference-time guidance, adding a drift term or reweighting mixture of experts, to improve sample quality on task-specific objectives. However, most existing techniques require repeated score or gradient evaluations, introducing bias, high compu...
- Learned Memory Attenuation in Sage-Husa Kalman Filters for Robust UAV State Estimation
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in dynamic environments face telemetry outages, structural vibrations, and regime-dependent noise that invalidate the stationary covariance assumptions of classical Kalman filters. The Sage-Husa Kalman Filter (SHKF) estimates noise statistics online, but its reliance on a st...
- Learning Normal Representations for Blood Biomarkers
Blood-based biomarkers underpin clinical diagnosis and management, yet their interpretation relies largely on fixed population reference intervals that ignore stable, intra-patient variability. As such, population-based interpretation can mask meaningful deviation from an individual's baseline, risk...
- Better Together: Evaluating the Complementarity of Earth Embedding Models
Earth embedding models transform Earth observation data into embeddings uniquely tied to locations on the Earth's surface. These models are typically evaluated in isolation, comparing the downstream task performance across different Earth embeddings. However, spatially aligned embeddings can natural...
- Physics-Aligned Canonical Equivariant Fourier Neural Operator under Symmetry-Induced Shifts
Neural operators approximate PDE solution maps, but they need not respect the symmetries of the governing equation. In out-of-distribution (OOD) regimes, a standard neural operator must often learn coordinate alignment and physical evolution within a single map, which can hurt generalization. We use...
- PACE: Geometry-Aware Bridge Transport for Single-Cell Trajectory Inference
Single-cell trajectory inference from destructive time-course snapshots is fundamentally ill-posed: neither cross-time cell correspondences nor continuous trajectories are observed, so the snapshot distributions alone do not uniquely determine the underlying dynamics. Existing optimal transport and ...
- scHelix: Asymmetric Dual-Stream Integration via Explicit Gene-Level Disentanglement
A critical challenge in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) integration is resolving the tension between eliminating batch effects and maintaining biological fidelity. While recent evidence indicates that batch effects manifest heterogeneously across genes, most existing methods process the trans...
- Probing for Representation Manifolds in Superposition
This paper introduces the Manifold Probe, a supervised method for discovering representation manifolds in superposition. The method generalizes linear regression probes by learning the space of features of a concept that can be linearly predicted from the representations, and then learning the direc...
- Beyond Scaling: Agents Are Heading to the Edge
The bottleneck of useful agentic intelligence has shifted from compressing world knowledge into a single model to executing a coordinated system. This position paper argues that personal-agent architecture must move to the edge because the core properties of agentic intelligence tasks, particularly ...
- Unified Walking, Running, and Recovery for Humanoids via State-Dependent Adversarial Motion Priors
We propose a unified reinforcement learning framework that enables a single policy to perform walking, running, and fall recovery on the Unitree G1 humanoid robot, validated on physical hardware without any explicit mode-switching command at deployment. The framework extends Adversarial Motion Prior...
- Qumus: Realization of An Embodied AI Quantum Material Experimentalist
While modern Large Language Models (LLMs) and agentic artificial intelligence (AI) have demonstrated transformative capabilities in digital domains, the realization of embodied AI capable of real-world scientific discovery remains a difficult frontier. The advancements are hindered by the inherent c...
- On Improving Multimodal Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction with CVAE: A Study on Benchmark and Robot Data
Accurate pedestrian trajectory prediction is crucial for autonomous systems operating in complex environments, such as modular buses and delivery robots in suburban or semi-structured areas. Social Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (Social-STGCNN) have shown strong performance by m...
- 4DLidarOpen: An Open 4D FMCW Lidar Dataset for Motion-Aware Autonomous Driving
We present 4DLidarOpen, a large-scale open multi-modal dataset for autonomous driving, centered on 4D frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) Lidar sensing. Unlike conventional time-of-flight Lidar datasets that mainly provide geometric measurements, 4DLidarOpen includes point-wise radial velocit...
- Bench2Drive-Robust: Benchmarking Closed-Loop Autonomous Driving under Deployment Perturbations
Robustness is a critical requirement for deploying autonomous driving systems in the real world. Existing robustness benchmarks for autonomous driving have made important progress in studying the effects of image-level corruptions, such as adverse weather or camera degradation, on perception modules...
- Transfer Learning for Customized Car Racing Environments
Transfer Learning, a technique where a model/agent can use the knowledge/expertise that it gained from one task and exploit that to solve another closely-related task, is often used in tackling problems in deep learning. Through this project, we explore transfer learning in the purview of deep reinf...
- CosFly-Track: A Large-Scale Multi-Modal Dataset for UAV Visual Tracking via Multi-Constraint Trajectory Optimization
Recent aerial vision-language navigation (VLN) datasets have grown rapidly, but they primarily address goal-oriented navigation to static destinations, leaving UAV visual tracking -- continuously following a moving target while maintaining visibility -- largely without dedicated training data. We in...
- Dexora: Open-source VLA for High-DoF Bimanual Dexterity
Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently become a central direction in embodied AI, but current systems are restricted to either dual-gripper control or single-arm dexterous hand manipulation. While low-dimensional gripper control can often be handled with simpler methods, high-dimensional ...
- REBAR: Reference Ethical Benchmark for Autonomy Readiness
As autonomous systems grow more advanced, objective metrics to evaluate their ethical and legal compliance are critical for informing end users of their limitations and ensuring accountability of those who misuse them. Current ethical embodied AI frameworks remain mostly qualitative, focusing on sys...
- PH-Dreamer: A Physics-Driven World Model via Port-Hamiltonian Generative Dynamics
World models built on recurrent state space architectures enable efficient latent imagination, yet remain physically unstructured, producing dynamics that violate conservation and dissipative principles. We introduce a unified Port-Hamiltonian framework that remedies this through three synergistic m...
- StableVLA: Towards Robust Vision-Language-Action Models without Extra Data
It is infeasible to encompass all possible disturbances within the training dataset. This raises a critical question regarding the robustness of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models when encountering unseen real-world visual disturbances, particularly under imperfect visual conditions. In this work, ...
- RGB-only Active 3D Scene Graph Generation for Indoor Mobile Robots
Current approaches to 3D scene graph generation rely on dedicated depth sensors, such as LiDAR or RGB-D cameras, for metric 3D reconstruction. This limits deployment to specialized robotic platforms and excludes settings where only RGB cameras are available, such as fixed external infrastructure. Ex...
- Fixed External Cameras as Common Prior Maps for Active 3D Scene Graph Generation
Commonly available prior information, such as BIM models, floor plans, and remote sensing images, can provide valuable geometric and semantic context for autonomous robotic systems. In this paper, we treat observations from fixed external RGB cameras as Common Prior Maps (CPMs): wide-field views of ...
- TaskGround: Structured Executable Task Inference for Full-Scene Household Reasoning
In real home deployments, household agents must often operate from a complete household scene and a situated household request, rather than from a clean task specification. Such requests require agents to identify task-relevant entities, recover intended task conditions, and resolve ordering constra...
- Confidence-Gated Robot Autonomy: When Does Uncertainty Actually Help?
Robotic systems often use predictive uncertainty to decide whether to act autonomously or defer to a fallback policy. In threshold-gated autonomy, uncertainty matters mainly through its ability to rank likely errors. Standard metrics such as expected calibration error and AUROC do not directly test ...
- See Silhouettes in Motion with Neuromorphic Vision
Quasi-bimodal objects, such as text, road signs, and barcodes, play a basic yet vital role in daily visual communication. By boiling these down to clear silhouettes, binarization uses a minimal language to convey essential vision cues for maximum downstream efficiency. The catch is that frame-based ...
- Active Defense Against False Data Injection Attacks in Robotic Manipulators
Robotic systems are vulnerable to False Data Injection Attacks (FDIAs), where adversaries corrupt sensor signals to gain malicious control. Feedback linearization exposes robotic systems to integrator vulnerability, making them susceptible to stealthy attacks that can cause significant deviations in...
- TacSE3: Equivariant SE(3) Motion Estimation from Low-Texture Visuotactile Images for In-Gripper Tracking and Compensation
Robotic in-hand manipulation requires reliable object-motion tracking under frequent visual occlusion, yet low-texture visuotactile images provide few stable correspondences for conventional image- or geometry-matching methods. This paper presents TacSE3, a tactile motion-estimation pipeline that co...
- Learning-Based Adaptive Control for Surgical Robotic Exposure Task on Deformable Tissues
In various surgical procedures, regions of interest (ROIs) such as organs or lesions are often occluded by overlying tissues, requiring surgeons to achieve adequate exposure for precise intervention. However, the irregular geometry, nonlinear biomechanical properties of overlying tissues, and limite...
- WorldArena 2.0: Extending Embodied World Model Benchmarking on Modality, Functionality and Platform
World models have emerged as a central paradigm for embodied intelligence, enabling agents to predict action-conditioned future and reason about environmental dynamics. However, existing embodied world model benchmarks are still largely confined to vision-only prediction, offline embodied applicatio...
- Virtues of Ordered Chaos: Planning with Topple Actions in Tabletop Stack Rearrangement
Efficient object manipulation strategies have significant impact in automation applications. In this work, the stack rearrangement in tabletop settings is studied, with a focus on augmenting the task planning domain with richer nonprehensile aggregating actions, in particular the toppling of objects...
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- Canonical Regularisation of Wide Feature-Learning Neural Networks
Wide neural networks in the feature-learning regime drive modern deep learning, and yet they remain far less studied than their kernel-regime counterparts. We consider a critical yet under-explored difference between these two regimes: the regulariser and prior implied by gradient flow training. Thi...
- Ringmaster LMO: Asynchronous Linear Minimization Oracle Momentum Method
Muon has recently emerged as a strong alternative to AdamW for training neural networks, with encouraging large-scale pretraining results and growing evidence that matrix-structured updates can be faster in practice. Yet Muon, and more generally Linear Minimization Oracle (LMO) based methods, are ty...
- Symmetry-Compatible Principle for Optimizer Design: Embeddings, LM Heads, SwiGLU MLPs, and MoE Routers
A striking geometric disparity has long persisted in the practice of deep learning. While modern neural network architectures naturally exhibit rich symmetry and equivariance properties, popular optimizers such as Adam and its variants operate inherently coordinate-wise, rendering them unable to res...
- Uncertainty Reliability Under Domain Shift: An Investigation for Data-Driven Blood Pressure Estimation in Photoplethysmography
Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is critical for safety-critical domains like healthcare, yet it is rarely evaluated under realistic out-of-distribution (OOD) conditions. Here, we assessed predictive performance and uncertainty reliability for deep learning-based blood pressure (BP) estimation from p...
- Training data attribution in diffusion models via mirrored unlearning and noise-consistent skew
Training data attribution (TDA) should enable generative model interpretability and foster a variety of related downstream tasks. Nonetheless, current TDA approaches lack reliability and robustness, preventing their adoption in real-world setups. In this paper, we take a decisive step towards more r...
- Self-Distillation is Optimal Among Spectral Shrinkage Estimators in Spiked Covariance Models
Self-distillation has emerged as a promising technique for improving model performance in modern machine learning systems. We develop the statistical foundations of self-distillation in spiked covariance models, by introducing and analyzing a broad class of estimators, namely spectral shrinkage esti...
- Feature Learning in Linear-Width Two-Layer Networks: Two vs. One Step of Gradient Descent
We study feature learning in two-layer neural networks within the linear-width regime, where the number of hidden neurons, sample size, and input dimension scale proportionally. While recent work has analyzed feature learning via a single step of gradient descent, such updates are fundamentally limi...
- StatQAT: Statistical Quantizer Optimization for Deep Networks
Quantization is essential for reducing the computational cost and memory usage of deep neural networks, enabling efficient inference on low-precision hardware. Despite the growing adoption of uniform and floating-point quantization schemes, selecting optimal quantization parameters remains a key cha...
- How does feature learning reshape the function space?
Feature learning is widely regarded as the key mechanism distinguishing neural networks from fixed-kernel methods, yet its impact on the induced function space remains poorly understood. In this work, we precisely characterize how the function space spanned by the features of a two-layer neural netw...
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