AI News Archive: May 18, 2026 — Part 16
Sourced from 500+ daily AI sources, scored by relevance.
- Language-Switching Triggers Take a Latent Detour Through Language Models
Backdoor attacks on language models pose a growing security concern, yet the internal mechanisms by which a trigger sequence hijacks model computations remain poorly understood. We identify a circuit underlying a language-switching backdoor in an 8B-parameter autoregressive language model, where a t...
- Forecasting Downstream Performance of LLMs With Proxy Metrics
Progress in language model development is often driven by comparative decisions: which architecture to adopt, which pretraining corpus to use, or which training recipe to apply. Making these decisions well requires reliable performance forecasts, yet the two commonly used signals are fundamentally l...
- Continuous Diffusion Scales Competitively with Discrete Diffusion for Language
While diffusion has drawn considerable recent attention from the language modeling community, continuous diffusion has appeared less scalable than discrete approaches. To challenge this belief we revisit Plaid, a likelihood-based continuous diffusion language model (DLM), and construct RePlaid by al...
- Easier to Judge than to Find: Predicting In-Context Learning Success for Demonstration Selection
In-context learning (ICL) is highly sensitive to which demonstrations appear in the prompt, but selecting them is expensive because the space of possible demonstration contexts and combinations is enormous. We argue that demonstration selection is \emph{easier to judge than to find}: predicting whet...
- Ancient Greek to Modern Greek Machine Translation: A Novel Benchmark and Fine-Tuning Experiments on LLMs and NMT Models
Machine Translation (MT) for Ancient Greek (AG) to Modern Greek (MG) is a low-resource task, constrained by the lack of large-scale, high-quality parallel data. We address this gap by introducing the AG-MG Parallel Corpus, a new resource containing 132,481 sentence-aligned pairs derived from literar...
- Implicit Hierarchical GRPO: Decoupling Tool Invocation from Execution for Tool-Integrated Mathematical Reasoning
Large language models (LLMs) have increasingly leveraged tool invocation to enhance their reasoning capabilities. However, existing approaches typically tightly couple tool invocation with immediate execution. Such immediate tool interaction may disrupt the reasoning coherence of LLMs and constrain ...
- Vector RAG vs LLM-Compiled Wiki: A Preregistered Comparison on a Small Multi-Domain Research
We preregistered a comparison of two ways to help an LLM answer questions over a small research corpus: a single-round Vector RAG system and an LLM-compiled markdown wiki. Both systems answered the same 13 questions over 24 papers using the same answer-generating model, and their answers were scored...
- Prompt2Fingerprint: Plug-and-Play LLM Fingerprinting via Text-to-Weight Generation
The widespread deployment and redistribution of large language models (LLMs) have made model provenance tracking a critical challenge. While existing LLM fingerprinting methods, particularly active approaches that embed identity signals via fine-tuning, achieve high accuracy and robustness, they suf...
- From BERT to T5: A Study of Named Entity Recognition
Named entity recognition (NER) has been one of the essential preliminary steps in modern NLP applications. This report focuses on implementing the NER task on finetuning two pretrained models: (i) an encoder-only model (BERT) with a simple classification head, and (ii) a sequence-to-sequence model (...
- EvoMemBench: Benchmarking Agent Memory from a Self-Evolving Perspective
Recent benchmarks for Large Language Model (LLM) agents mainly evaluate reasoning, planning, and execution. However, memory is also essential for agents, as it enables them to store, update, and retrieve information over time. This ability remains under-evaluated, largely because existing benchmarks...
- SkillsVote: Lifecycle Governance of Agent Skills from Collection, Recommendation to Evolution
Long-horizon LLM agents leave traces that could become reusable experience, but raw trajectories are noisy and hard to govern. We treat Agent Skills as an experience schema that couples executable scripts, with non-executable guidance on procedures. Yet open skill ecosystems contain redundant, uneve...
- Presupposition and Reasoning in Conditionals: A Theory-Based Study of Humans and LLMs
Presupposition projection in conditionals is central to theories of meaning and pragmatics, yet it remains largely unevaluated in large language models. We address this gap through a parallel behavioral study comparing human judgments and LLM predictions on a normed dataset of conditional sentences ...
- Infini-News: Efficiently Queryable Access to 1.3 Billion Processed Common Crawl News Articles
Large-scale news corpora support a wide range of research in Computational Social Science and NLP, yet access remains constrained: commercial archives impose prohibitive costs and licensing restrictions, while open alternatives like Common Crawl's CC-News require terabyte-scale storage and computati...
- SD-Search: On-Policy Hindsight Self-Distillation for Search-Augmented Reasoning
Search-augmented reasoning agents interleave internal reasoning with calls to an external retriever, and their performance relies on the quality of each issued query. However, under outcome-reward reinforcement learning, every search decision in a rollout shares the same trajectory-level reward, lea...
- From Volume to Value: Preference-Aligned Memory Construction for On-Device RAG
With the rapid emergence of personal AI agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs), implementing them on-device has become essential for privacy and responsiveness. To handle the inherently personal and context-dependent nature of real-world requests, such agents must ground their generation in de...
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- Knowledge-to-Verification: Exploring RLVR for LLMs in Knowledge-Intensive Domains
Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated promising potential to enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in domains such as mathematics and coding. However, its applications on knowledge-intensive domains have not been effectively explored due ...
- CodeBind: Decoupled Representation Learning for Multimodal Alignment with Unified Compositional Codebook
Multimodal representation alignment is pivotal for large language models and robotics. Traditional methods are often hindered by cross-modal information discrepancies and data scarcity, leading to suboptimal alignment spaces that overlook modality-unique features. We propose CodeBind, a framework th...
- Multilingual jailbreaking of LLMs using low-resource languages
Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attempts that circumvent safety guardrails. We investigate whether multi-turn conversations using low-resource African languages (Afrikaans, Kiswahili, isiXhosa, and isiZulu) can bypass safety mechanisms across commercial LLMs. We translate...
- SomaliWeb v1: A Quality-Filtered Somali Web Corpus with a Matched Tokenizer and a Public Language-Identification Benchmark
Somali is a Cushitic language of the Horn of Africa with ~25 million speakers, yet no documented dedicated Somali pretraining corpus with a companion tokenizer and language-identification benchmark has been publicly released. Existing Somali text appears either inside multilingual distributions (HPL...
- Context Memorization for Efficient Long Context Generation
Modern large language model (LLM) applications increasingly rely on long conditioning prefixes to control model behavior at inference time. While prefix-augmented inference is effective, it incurs two structural limitations: i) the prefix's influence fades as generation proceeds, and ii) attention c...
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- Articulation in Prime: Primitive-Based Articulated Object Understanding from a Single Casual Video
Retrieving the 3D kinematics of articulated objects from monocular video is a fundamental challenge in computer vision. Existing methods rely on complex video setups or cues such as long-term point tracking or wide-baseline matching, but are frequently brittle under severe occlusions, rapid camera e...
- Leveraging Latent Visual Reasoning in Silence
Latent visual reasoning involves visual evidence more directly in multimodal reasoning by inserting continuous latent tokens before textual generation. However, the necessity of these latent tokens at inference remains ambiguous. We show that replacing latent tokens with random noise or removing the...
- SPIKE: An Adaptive Dual Controller Framework for Cost-Efficient Long-Horizon Game Agents
Long-horizon multimodal agents in open-world games must stay goal-directed across many low-level interactions under tight token and latency budgets. Existing approaches often trade off costly per-step reasoning against reactive execution that can drift, repeat failures, and recover poorly. Our key i...
- LESSViT: Robust Hyperspectral Representation Learning under Spectral Configuration Shift
Modeling hyperspectral imagery (HSI) across different sensors presents a fundamental challenge due to variations in wavelength coverage, band sampling, and channel dimensionality. As a result, models trained under a fixed spectral configuration often fail to generalize to other sensors. Existing Vis...
- Benchmarking transferability of SSL pretraining to same and different modality segmentation tasks
Methods: Nine SSL methods spanning four pretext-task families were pretrained from scratch using the same 10{,}412 3D CT scans (1.89~M 2D axial slices) covering varied disease sites. The pretrained Swin Transformer encoder from each method was integrated into a SwinUNETR-style segmentation network (...
- Speech-Guided Multimodal Learning for Vocal Tract Segmentation in Real-Time MRI
Segmenting vocal tract articulators in real-time MRI (rtMRI) is a challenging dynamic image segmentation problem characterized by low contrast, rapid motion, and limited spatial resolution. However, while rtMRI acquisitions may provide synchronized acoustic signals, existing methods discard this inf...
- PERL: Parameter Efficient Reasoning in CLIP Latent Space
Contrastively trained vision-language models such as CLIP provide strong zero-shot transfer by aligning images and text in a shared embedding space. However, adapting these models to downstream tasks without degrading their open-vocabulary generalization remains challenging. Existing parameter-effic...
- A Dataset for the Recognition of Historical and Handwritten Music Scores in Western Notation
A large amount of musical heritage has been digitised by memory institutions: libraries, museums, and archives. Nevertheless, the field of Optical Music Recognition (OMR) has struggled with making this music machine-readable, despite advances in deep learning, mostly because no datasets for training...
- TIGER-FG: Text-Guided Implicit Fine-Grained Grounding for E-commerce Retrieval
E-commerce image search often takes a cropped image as the query, while each candidate is represented by full item images and structured text. This image-to-multimodal retrieval setting presents two asymmetries: a modality disparity -- a visual query must match image--text items, and a granularity d...
- Seeing Together:Multi-Robot Cooperative Egocentric Spatial Reasoning with Multimodal Large Language Models
Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made substantial progress in egocentric video understanding, but their ability to reason cooperatively from multiple embodied viewpoints remains largely unexplored. We study this problem through multi-robot cooperative dynamic spatial reasoning, where a ...
- Geometry-Aware Uncertainty Coresets for Robust Visual In-Context Learning in Histopathology
Vision-language models (VLMs) can couple visual perception with open-ended clinical reasoning, making them attractive for computational histopathology. However, fine-tuning billions of parameters on scarce, expert-annotated pathology data is prohibitive, while in-context learning (ICL), which condit...